S.P. Mansoor (UK) and G.A. Munoz-Hernandez (Mexico)
Modelling, simulation, control, and pumped storage
The operational flexibility of pump storage hydropower stations and their ability to provide rapid response to changes in system loading means that they are often used as a measure of controlling system frequency. When used in this role, the response of any individual generator is determined by the behavior of its governor. The governor settings, and in particular the loop gains, are therefore critical to achieving optimum levels of station performance. However, the level of interaction between the units and the grid means that in order to achieve optimum performance the governor loop gains should be continually adjusted to take account of grid loading.
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