Xin Liang, Shifeng Ou, and Bin Wang
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Authentication; international mobile equipment identity; power in-ternet of things; distribution terminal units; network security
This study introduces a two-factor authentication mechanism for DTUs in power grids. The design leverages the IMEI of the commu- nication module as a static device-bound factor and an SMS-based one-time verification code as a dynamic factor to enhance security un- der limited computational and storage resources. In our scheme, mu- tual authentication and session key agreement are realized through lightweight elliptic curve cryptography, combined with efficient hash and HMAC operations to reduce computational overhead. Mean- while, no additional dedicated security hardware, persistent server- side verifier table, or time synchronization is required. We evaluated the computational and communication overhead under 160-bit el- liptic curve parameters and the results demonstrate that our scheme remains within practical limits for resource-constrained DTU deploy- ments.
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